Science, 5 JUN 2025, VOL 388, ISSUE 6751
《科學》2025年6月5日，第388卷，6751期
材料科學Materials Science
Passive cooling paint enabled by rational design of thermal-optical and mass transfer properties
通過合理設計熱光學和傳質特性實現被動冷卻涂料
▲ 作者：JIPENG FEI, XUAN ZHANG, DI HAN, YUE LEI, FEI XIE, KAI ZHOU, ET AL.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt3372
▲摘要：
集成輻射和蒸發冷卻顯示了增強被動冷卻的前景，但耐用的自固化集成冷卻涂料仍未充分開發。研究組設計了一種具有先進的熱光學和傳質性能的改良膠凝結構，在確保耐用性、機械強度和廣泛粘附性的同時提高了冷卻能力。該涂料實現了88~92%的太陽反射率（取決于濕度）、95%的大氣窗口發射率、約30%的保水性和自補充性能，即使在潮濕情況下也能保持穩定的光學性能。在熱帶新加坡地區進行的現場測試表明，與商用白色涂料相比，該涂料具有優越的冷卻性能。試點規模的示范突出了在不同天氣條件下持續的電力節約，這一點得到了理論模型的支持。通過利用可持續的水蒸發和熱輻射，這種涂料為緩解城市熱島效應提供了一個實用且長期的解決方案。
▲ Abstract：
Integrating radiative and evaporative cooling shows promise for enhancing passive cooling, but durable self-curing integrated cooling paints remain underdeveloped. We designed a modified cementitious structure with advanced thermal-optical and mass transfer properties, boosting cooling power while ensuring durability, mechanical strength, and broad adhesion. The paint achieves 88 to 92% solar reflectance (depending on wetting), 95% atmospheric window emittance, ~30% water retention, and self-replenishing properties, maintaining stable optical performance even when wet. Field tests in tropical Singapore demonstrated superior cooling performance compared with commercial white paints. Pilot-scale demonstrations highlighted consistent electricity savings under varying weather conditions, supported by theoretical modeling. By leveraging sustainable water evaporation and thermal radiation, this paint offers a practical and long-term solution for mitigating the urban heat island effect.
Tellurium nanowire retinal nanoprosthesis improves vision in models of blindness
碲納米線視網膜納米假體改善了失明動物的視力
▲ 作者：SHUIYUAN WANG, CHENGYONG JIANG, YIYE YU, ZHENHAN ZHANG, RUGE QUHE, RUYI YANG, ET AL.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu2987
▲摘要：
目前的視力恢復技術有很大的局限性，限制了其在臨床環境中的應用。研究組利用碲納米線網絡（TeNWNs）制造了一種視網膜下納米假體，將可見光和近紅外-II光譜轉換為電信號。通過結合窄帶隙、強吸收和工程不對稱實現了廣譜覆蓋。將TeNWNs植入失明小鼠后，瞳孔反射恢復，并在1550 nm可見光和近紅外光下實現了視覺提示學習。在非人靈長類動物中，TeNWNs引發了強大的視網膜源性神經反應，證實了生物相容性和可行性。通過恢復失去的光敏性和將視力擴展到近紅外，這種納米假體為恢復視力提供了一種頗有前景的方法。
▲ Abstract：
Present vision restoration technologies have substantial constraints that limit their application in the clinical setting. In this work, we fabricated a subretinal nanoprosthesis using tellurium nanowire networks (TeNWNs) that converts light of both the visible and near-infrared–II spectra into electrical signals. The broad-spectrum coverage is made possible by a combination of narrow bandgaps, strong absorption, and engineered asymmetries. Implanted into blind mice, the TeNWNs restored pupillary reflexes and enabled visually cued learning under visible and near-infrared 1550-nanometer light. In nonhuman primates, TeNWNs elicited robust retina-derived neural responses, confirming biocompatibility and feasibility. By restoring lost photosensitivity and extending vision to near-infrared, this nanoprosthesis offers a promising approach for restoring vision.
物理學Physics
Direct measurement of the quantum metric tensor in solids
直接測量固體中的量子幾何張量
▲ 作者：SUNJE KIM, YOONAH CHUNG, YUTING QIAN, SOOBIN PARK, CHRIS JOZWIAK, ELI ROTENBERG, ET AL.
▲鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado6049
▲摘要：
量子幾何張量是現代物理學中的一個核心幾何量，被定義為鄰近量子態之間的距離。盡管其與固體中諸多基本物理現象的關聯已被廣泛強調，但測量真實固態材料中的完整量子幾何張量頗具挑戰性。
研究組報道了用黑磷作為代表材料直接測量固體中布洛赫電子的完整量子幾何張量，從角分辨光電子能譜測量的偏振依賴性中提取了價帶贗自旋織構的動量空間分布。
該方法有望推進人們對廣泛晶體系統中量子幾何響應的深入理解。
▲ Abstract：
The quantum metric tensor is a central geometric quantity in modern physics that is defined as the distance between nearby quantum states. Despite numerous studies highlighting its relevance to fundamental physical phenomena in solids, measuring the complete quantum metric tensors in real solid-state materials is challenging. In this work, we report a direct measurement of the full quantum metric tensors of Bloch electrons in solids using black phosphorus as a representative material. We extracted the momentum space distribution of the pseudospin texture of the valence band from the polarization dependence of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement. Our approach is poised to advance our understanding of quantum geometric responses in a wide class of crystalline systems.
化學Chemistry
Interface morphogenesis with a deformable secondary phase in solid-state lithium batteries
固態鋰電池中具有可變形次生相的界面形態發生
▲ 作者：SUN GEUN YOON, BAIRAV S. VISHNUGOPI, DOUGLAS LARS NELSON, ADRIAN XIAO BIN YONG, YINGJIN WANG, STEPHANIE ELIZABETH SANDOVAL, ET AL.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt5229
▲摘要：
鋰金屬在固態電解質界面處的復雜形態演變限制了固態電池的性能，導致不均勻反應和接觸損耗。受生物形態發生的啟發，研究組開發了一種界面自調節概念，其中可變形的次生相在響應局部電化學機械刺激時動態聚集在界面上，從而增強了接觸。剝離含有5~20 mol %電化學惰性鈉疇的鋰電極會導致鈉在界面上自發積聚，鈉變形以實現緊密電接觸，而不會阻礙鋰的傳輸。動態原位X射線斷層掃描和電子顯微鏡表征了該過程，即減輕了空隙化并改善了低堆壓下的循環。添加電化學惰性堿金屬以提高性能的反直覺策略證明了固態電池界面自調節的實用性。
▲ Abstract：
The complex morphological evolution of lithium metal at the solid-state electrolyte interface limits performance of solid-state batteries, leading to inhomogeneous reactions and contact loss. Inspired by biological morphogenesis, we developed an interfacial self-regulation concept in which a deformable secondary phase dynamically aggregates at the interface in response to local electro-chemo-mechanical stimuli, enhancing contact. The stripping of a lithium electrode that contains 5 to 20 mole % electrochemically inactive sodium domains causes spontaneous sodium accumulation across the interface, with the sodium deforming to attain intimate electrical contact without blocking lithium transport. This process, characterized with operando x-ray tomography and electron microscopy, mitigates voiding and improves cycling at low stack pressures. The counterintuitive strategy of adding electrochemically inactive alkali metal to improve performance demonstrates the utility of interfacial self-regulation for solid-state batteries.
In-insect synthesis of oxygen-doped molecular nanocarbons
在昆蟲體內合成摻氧分子納米碳
▲ 作者：ATSUSHI USAMI, HIDEYA KONO, VIC AUSTEN, QUAN MANH PHUNG, HIROKI SHUDO, TOMOKI KATO, ET AL.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp9384
▲摘要：
許多功能分子和材料已實現通過有機化學或體外酶方法制備。個體生物（如昆蟲）有望成為天然反應平臺，其中高密度的多種酶可以進行新的和復雜的反應。研究組報道了一種利用其異生物質代謝的“昆蟲體內”非自然產物合成策略。他們選擇性地將帶狀和環狀分子納米碳轉化為傳統方法難以制備的衍生物，其中氧原子插入芳香環中。細胞色素P450變體很可能是負責該反應的酶。分子動力學模擬和量子化學計算表明了底物并入酶的可能模式，以及氧直接插入碳-碳鍵的非常規機制。
▲ Abstract：
Many functional molecules and materials have been produced with organic chemistry or with in vitro enzymatic approaches. Individual organisms, such as insects, have the potential to serve as natural reaction platforms in which high densities of multiple enzymes can perform new and complex reactions. We report an “in-insect” unnatural product synthesis that takes advantage of their xenobiotic metabolism. We selectively transform belt- and ring-shaped molecular nanocarbons into otherwise difficult-to-prepare derivatives in which oxygen atoms are inserted into aromatic rings. Cytochrome P450 variants are most likely the enzymes responsible for this reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations indicated a possible mode of substrate incorporation into the enzyme and an unconventional mechanism of direct oxygen insertion into carbon–carbon bonds.
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