編譯|李言
Nature, 22 May 2025, Volume 641 Issue 8064
《自然》2025年5月22日，第641卷，8064期
材料科學(xué)Material Sciences
Tunable vacuum-field control of fractional and integer quantum Hall phases
分數(shù)和整數(shù)量子霍爾相的可調(diào)控真空場控制
▲ 作者：Josefine Enkner, Lorenzo Graziotto et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08894-3
▲ 摘要：
該研究通過調(diào)控二維電子氣與懸停分裂環(huán)諧振器真空場之間的耦合強度，使得奇數(shù)整數(shù)填充因子處交換分裂能顯著減弱，同時增強4/3、5/3和7/5下的分數(shù)量子霍爾間隙。▲ Abstract：
Here we demonstrate that adjusting the coupling strength between a two-dimensional electron gas and the vacuum fields of a hovering split-ring resonator leads to a significant reduction in exchange splitting at odd-integer filling factors, along with an enhancement of fractional quantum Hall gaps at filling factors 4/3, 5/3 and 7/5. Theoretical analysis indicates that these effects stem from an effective long-range attractive interaction mediated by virtual cavity photons in regions with strong vacuum electric field gradients. Our findings uncover a new mechanism by which cavity vacuum fields can reshape electronic correlations in quantum Hall systems, establishing a new approach for manipulating correlated quantum phases in low-dimensional materials and paving the way for engineering tailored many-body interactions in compact devices.天文學(xué)Astronomy
Large gas inflow driven by a matured galactic bar in the early Universe
由早期宇宙中成熟星系棒所驅(qū)動的大規(guī)模氣體流
▲ 作者：Shuo Huang, Ryohei Kawabe et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08914-2
▲ 摘要：
研究報道了對大爆炸后26億年后，紅移2.467處一個星系棒的動力學(xué)觀測。通過對塵埃遮蔽的恒星形成星系J0107a的一氧化碳和原子碳發(fā)射譜線觀測。▲ Abstract：
Here we report on a kinematic study of a galactic bar at redshift 2.467, 2.6 billion years after the Big Bang. We observed the carbon monoxide and atomic carbon emission lines of the dusty star-forming galaxy J0107a and found the bar of J0107a has gas distribution and motion in a pattern identical to local bars. At the same time, the bar drives large-scale non-circular motions that dominate over disk rotation, funnelling molecular gas into its centre at a rate of approximately 600 solar masses per year. Our results show that bar-driven dynamical processes and secular evolution were already at play 11.1 billion years ago, powering active star formation amid the gas-rich and far-infrared luminous growth phase in a massive disk galaxy.A retrograde planet in a tight binary star system with a white dwarf
一個與白矮星構(gòu)成致密雙星系統(tǒng)的逆行行星
▲ 作者：Ho Wan Cheng, Trifon Trifonov et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09006-x
▲ 摘要：
該研究展示了能證實行星存在假說的新徑向速度測量數(shù)據(jù)。對所有徑向速度數(shù)據(jù)的穩(wěn)定擬合表明，該行星軌道必須為逆行且?guī)缀豕裁娴臓顟B(tài)。▲ Abstract：
Here we present new radial velocity measurements that consolidate the planet hypothesis. Stable fits to all radial velocity data require the planetary orbit to be retrograde and practically coplanar. We also report the critical discovery from adaptive optics imaging that the companion star is a white dwarf. Our exploration of credible primordial binary orbital settings shows that the minimum separation between the stars was 1.3?au initially, which overlaps the current planetary orbit and makes any scenarios in which the circum-primary planetary orbit formed coevally with the young stars hardly conceivable. The retrograde planet must have originated from a circumbinary orbit or a second-generation protoplanetary disc, showing the role of binary stellar evolution in the formation and evolution of planetary systems.生物學(xué)Biology
A prospective code for value in the serotonin system
5-羥色胺系統(tǒng)中價值的預(yù)期代碼
▲ 作者：Emerson F. Harkin, Cooper D. Grossman et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08731-7
▲ 摘要：
通過整合強化學(xué)習(xí)理論與中縫核過濾特性的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究提出了一個基于未來價值代碼的統(tǒng)一理論框架。▲ Abstract：
Merging ideas from reinforcement learning theory with recent insights into the filtering properties of the dorsal raphe nucleus, here we find a unifying perspective in a prospective code for value. This biological code for near-future reward explains why serotonin neurons are activated by both rewards and punishments, and why these neurons are more strongly activated by surprising rewards but have no such surprise preference for punishments—observations that previous theories have failed to reconcile. Finally, our model quantitatively predicts in vivo population activity better than previous theories. By reconciling previous theories and establishing a precise connection with reinforcement learning, our work represents an important step towards understanding the role of serotonin in learning and behaviour.地球科學(xué)Earth Science
Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries
探索在地球邊界框架內(nèi)的全球發(fā)展路徑
▲ 作者：Detlef P. van Vuuren, Jonathan C. Doelman et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08928-w
▲ 摘要：
研究者運用全球環(huán)境評估綜合模型，對2050年9個地球邊界中8個的控制變量演變路徑進行了多情景預(yù)測，涵蓋政策強化與維持現(xiàn)狀兩種模式。▲ Abstract：
Here we use the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment to project control variables for eight out of nine planetary boundaries under alternative scenarios to 2050, both with and without strong environmental policy measures. The results show that, with current trends and policies, the situation is projected to worsen to 2050 for all planetary boundaries, except for ozone depletion. Targeted interventions, such as implementing the Paris climate agreement, a shift to a healthier diet, improved food, and water- and nutrient-use efficiency, can effectively reduce the degree of transgression of the planetary boundaries, steering humanity towards a more sustainable trajectory (that is, if they can be implemented based on social and institutional feasibility considerations). However, even in this scenario, several planetary boundaries, including climate change, biogeochemical flows and biodiversity, will remain transgressed in 2050, partly as result of inertia. This means that more-effective policy measures will be needed to ensure we are living well within the planetary boundaries.人類學(xué)Anthropology
High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic period of the eastern Maghreb
新石器時代東馬格里布地區(qū)采集者血統(tǒng)的高度延續(xù)性
▲ 作者：Mark Lipson, Harald Ringbauer et al.
▲ 鏈接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08699-4
▲ 摘要：
研究展示了來自阿爾及利亞和突尼斯、跨越舊石器時代晚期至新石器時代的9個古代個體的全基因組數(shù)據(jù)。最早期的個體（約距今15000年—7600年）與西馬格里布地區(qū)前新石器時代人群相近，表明這種'馬格里布'遺傳特征具有廣泛的時空分布。▲ Abstract：
Here we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age through the Neolithic period from Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (around 15,000–7,600 years before present (bp)), showing that this ‘Maghrebi’ ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to around 8,000 years bp, harboured ancestry from European hunter–gatherers, probably reflecting movement in the Early Holocene across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry, together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by around 7,000 years bp) and Levantine groups (by around 6,800 years bp), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean.本文鏈接：《自然》（20250522出版）一周論文導(dǎo)讀http://m.sq15.cn/show-11-21145-0.html
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